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Reinforced concrete is designed to crack as the embedded steel reinforcement takes over tensile stresses. Cracks can allow the ingress of water and waterborne aggressive agents, having consequences for concrete performance and safety. Water permeability measurements have long been used for assessing the durability [1,2,3,4,5], and more recently for quantifying the healing capacity of cementitious materials [6,7,8,9,10,11]. The permeability data presented in these studies, though of great value, demonstrate considerable variability, making it difficult to compare the data. A test, therefore, for generating rapid, accurate, and reliable crack permeability data would be of great value to the cementitious materials community.
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A few key differences exist between the modified and unmodified tests when preparing the specimens. A vise was used to apply a load to the steel rods as opposed to the Instron machine. A vise was used to split the specimens for its simplicity and ease of use. When splitting the specimens with the vice, great care was taken to keep the two halves together to prevent material loss. Metal feeler gauges (accuracy: 0.01 mm) were used to define the crack widths rather than hand machined Perspex spacers.
Smooth parallel crack plates, however, do not occur in cementitious materials. Factors such as roughness and tortuosity reduce the crack water flow making it less than estimated according to Eq. (1). To account for roughness and tortuosity, Eq. (1) can be modified to include an empirically derived reduction factor (Eq. 2) [7]:
Following a previous study [10], we have present a modified test for generating rapid, accurate, and reliable crack permeability data for cementitious materials. Cracks were generated in mortar specimens by both tests, the accuracy of the cracks assessed through stereomicroscopy and CT, and the flow of water through the cracks determined. Crack flow models were generated and the accuracy and reliability of those predictions assessed.
The simplicity/speed of the permeability test means that relatively large numbers of replicates can be easily tested, which is important for generating reliable crack permeability data for cementitious materials.
The modified test can be of great use for those studying the crack healing capacity and durability of cementitious materials; and has been used to quantify the autogenous healing capacity of a bacteria-based self-healing cementitious composite for application in low-temperature marine environments [19].
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